Linux Audio

Check our new training course

Embedded Linux Audio

Check our new training course
with Creative Commons CC-BY-SA
lecture materials

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

Loading...
   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
/*
 * mke2fs.c - Make a ext2fs filesystem.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
 *	2003, 2004, 2005 by Theodore Ts'o.
 *
 * This file may be redistributed under the terms of the GNU Public
 * License.
 */

/* Usage: mke2fs [options] device
 *
 * The device may be a block device or a image of one, but this isn't
 * enforced (but it's not much fun on a character device :-).
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <mntent.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include "e2fsbb.h"
#include "ext2fs/ext2_fs.h"
#include "uuid/uuid.h"
#include "e2p/e2p.h"
#include "ext2fs/ext2fs.h"
#include "util.h"

#define STRIDE_LENGTH 8

#ifndef __sparc__
#define ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
#endif

static const char * device_name;

/* Command line options */
static int	cflag;
static int	quiet;
static int	super_only;
static int	force;
static int	noaction;
static int	journal_size;
static int	journal_flags;
static const char *bad_blocks_filename;
static __u32	fs_stride;

static struct ext2_super_block param;
static char *creator_os;
static char *volume_label;
static char *mount_dir;
static char *journal_device = NULL;
static int   sync_kludge; /* Set using the MKE2FS_SYNC env. option */

static int sys_page_size = 4096;
static int linux_version_code = 0;

static int int_log2(int arg)
{
	int l = 0;

	arg >>= 1;
	while (arg) {
		l++;
		arg >>= 1;
	}
	return l;
}

static int int_log10(unsigned int arg)
{
	int	l;

	for (l = 0; arg; l++)
		arg = arg / 10;
	return l;
}

/*
 * This function sets the default parameters for a filesystem
 *
 * The type is specified by the user.  The size is the maximum size
 * (in megabytes) for which a set of parameters applies, with a size
 * of zero meaning that it is the default parameter for the type.
 * Note that order is important in the table below.
 */
#define DEF_MAX_BLOCKSIZE -1
static const char default_str[] = "default";
struct mke2fs_defaults {
	const char	*type;
	int		size;
	int		blocksize;
	int		inode_ratio;
};

static const struct mke2fs_defaults settings[] = {
	{ default_str,	 0, 4096, 8192 },
	{ default_str, 512, 1024, 4096 },
	{ default_str,	 3, 1024, 8192 },
	{ "journal",	 0, 4096, 8192 },
	{ "news",	 0, 4096, 4096 },
	{ "largefile",	 0, 4096, 1024 * 1024 },
	{ "largefile4",  0, 4096, 4096 * 1024 },
	{ 0,		 0,    0, 0},
};

static void set_fs_defaults(const char *fs_type,
			    struct ext2_super_block *super,
			    int blocksize, int sector_size,
			    int *inode_ratio)
{
	int	megs;
	int	ratio = 0;
	const struct mke2fs_defaults *p;
	int	use_bsize = 1024;

	megs = super->s_blocks_count * (EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(super) / 1024) / 1024;
	if (inode_ratio)
		ratio = *inode_ratio;
	if (!fs_type)
		fs_type = default_str;
	for (p = settings; p->type; p++) {
		if ((strcmp(p->type, fs_type) != 0) &&
		    (strcmp(p->type, default_str) != 0))
			continue;
		if ((p->size != 0) && (megs > p->size))
			continue;
		if (ratio == 0)
			*inode_ratio = p->inode_ratio < blocksize ?
				blocksize : p->inode_ratio;
		use_bsize = p->blocksize;
	}
	if (blocksize <= 0) {
		if (use_bsize == DEF_MAX_BLOCKSIZE) {
			use_bsize = sys_page_size;
			if ((linux_version_code < (2*65536 + 6*256)) &&
			    (use_bsize > 4096))
				use_bsize = 4096;
		}
		if (sector_size && use_bsize < sector_size)
			use_bsize = sector_size;
		if ((blocksize < 0) && (use_bsize < (-blocksize)))
			use_bsize = -blocksize;
		blocksize = use_bsize;
		super->s_blocks_count /= blocksize / 1024;
	}
	super->s_log_frag_size = super->s_log_block_size =
		int_log2(blocksize >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
}


/*
 * Helper function for read_bb_file and test_disk
 */
static void invalid_block(ext2_filsys fs EXT2FS_ATTR((unused)), blk_t blk)
{
	bb_error_msg("Bad block %u out of range; ignored", blk);
}

/*
 * Busybox stuff
 */
static void mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(int retval, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 2, 3)));
static void mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(int retval, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	if (retval) {
		va_start(ap, fmt);
		fprintf(stderr,"\nCould not ");
		vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
		va_end(ap);
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
}

static void mke2fs_verbose(const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 1, 2)));
static void mke2fs_verbose(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list ap;

	if (!quiet) {
		va_start(ap, fmt);
		vfprintf(stdout, fmt, ap);
		fflush(stdout);
		va_end(ap);
	}
}

static void mke2fs_verbose_done(void)
{
	mke2fs_verbose("done\n");
}

static void mke2fs_warning_msg(int retval, char *fmt, ... ) __attribute__ ((format (printf, 2, 3)));
static void mke2fs_warning_msg(int retval, char *fmt, ... )
{
	va_list ap;

	if (retval) {
		va_start(ap, fmt);
		fprintf(stderr,"\nWarning: ");
		vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
		va_end(ap);
	}
}

/*
 * Reads the bad blocks list from a file
 */
static void read_bb_file(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list,
			 const char *bad_blocks_file)
{
	FILE		*f;
	errcode_t	retval;

	f = xfopen(bad_blocks_file, "r");
	retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block);
	fclose (f);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "read bad blocks from list");
}

/*
 * Runs the badblocks program to test the disk
 */
static void test_disk(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list *bb_list)
{
	FILE		*f;
	errcode_t	retval;
	char		buf[1024];

	sprintf(buf, "badblocks -b %d %s%s%s %d", fs->blocksize,
		quiet ? "" : "-s ", (cflag > 1) ? "-w " : "",
		fs->device_name, fs->super->s_blocks_count);
	mke2fs_verbose("Running command: %s\n", buf);
	f = popen(buf, "r");
	if (!f) {
		bb_perror_msg_and_die("cannot run '%s'", buf);
	}
	retval = ext2fs_read_bb_FILE(fs, f, bb_list, invalid_block);
	pclose(f);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "read bad blocks from program");
}

static void handle_bad_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
{
	dgrp_t			i;
	blk_t			j;
	unsigned		must_be_good;
	blk_t			blk;
	badblocks_iterate	bb_iter;
	errcode_t		retval;
	blk_t			group_block;
	int			group;
	int			group_bad;

	if (!bb_list)
		return;

	/*
	 * The primary superblock and group descriptors *must* be
	 * good; if not, abort.
	 */
	must_be_good = fs->super->s_first_data_block + 1 + fs->desc_blocks;
	for (i = fs->super->s_first_data_block; i <= must_be_good; i++) {
		if (ext2fs_badblocks_list_test(bb_list, i)) {
			bb_error_msg_and_die(
				"Block %d in primary superblock/group descriptor area bad\n"
				"Blocks %d through %d must be good in order to build a filesystem\n"
				"Aborting ...", i, fs->super->s_first_data_block, must_be_good);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * See if any of the bad blocks are showing up in the backup
	 * superblocks and/or group descriptors.  If so, issue a
	 * warning and adjust the block counts appropriately.
	 */
	group_block = fs->super->s_first_data_block +
		fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;

	for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
		group_bad = 0;
		for (j=0; j < fs->desc_blocks+1; j++) {
			if (ext2fs_badblocks_list_test(bb_list,
						       group_block + j)) {
				mke2fs_warning_msg(!group_bad,
					"the backup superblock/group descriptors at block %d contain\n"
					"bad blocks\n", group_block);
				group_bad++;
				group = ext2fs_group_of_blk(fs, group_block+j);
				fs->group_desc[group].bg_free_blocks_count++;
				fs->super->s_free_blocks_count++;
			}
		}
		group_block += fs->super->s_blocks_per_group;
	}

	/*
	 * Mark all the bad blocks as used...
	 */
	retval = ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_begin(bb_list, &bb_iter);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "mark bad blocks as used");

	while (ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate(bb_iter, &blk))
		ext2fs_mark_block_bitmap(fs->block_map, blk);
	ext2fs_badblocks_list_iterate_end(bb_iter);
}

/*
 * These functions implement a generalized progress meter.
 */
struct progress_struct {
	char		format[20];
	char		backup[80];
	__u32		max;
	int		skip_progress;
};

static void progress_init(struct progress_struct *progress,
			  const char *label,__u32 max)
{
	int	i;

	memset(progress, 0, sizeof(struct progress_struct));
	if (quiet)
		return;

	/*
	 * Figure out how many digits we need
	 */
	i = int_log10(max);
	sprintf(progress->format, "%%%dd/%%%dld", i, i);
	memset(progress->backup, '\b', sizeof(progress->backup)-1);
	progress->backup[sizeof(progress->backup)-1] = 0;
	if ((2*i)+1 < (int) sizeof(progress->backup))
		progress->backup[(2*i)+1] = 0;
	progress->max = max;

	progress->skip_progress = 0;
	if (getenv("MKE2FS_SKIP_PROGRESS"))
		progress->skip_progress++;

	fputs(label, stdout);
	fflush(stdout);
}

static void progress_update(struct progress_struct *progress, __u32 val)
{
	if ((progress->format[0] == 0) || progress->skip_progress)
		return;
	printf(progress->format, val, progress->max);
	fputs(progress->backup, stdout);
}

static void progress_close(struct progress_struct *progress)
{
	if (progress->format[0] == 0)
		return;
	printf("%-28s\n", "done");
}


/*
 * Helper function which zeros out _num_ blocks starting at _blk_.  In
 * case of an error, the details of the error is returned via _ret_blk_
 * and _ret_count_ if they are non-NULL pointers.  Returns 0 on
 * success, and an error code on an error.
 *
 * As a special case, if the first argument is NULL, then it will
 * attempt to free the static zeroizing buffer.  (This is to keep
 * programs that check for memory leaks happy.)
 */
static errcode_t zero_blocks(ext2_filsys fs, blk_t blk, int num,
			     struct progress_struct *progress,
			     blk_t *ret_blk, int *ret_count)
{
	int		j, count, next_update, next_update_incr;
	static char	*buf;
	errcode_t	retval;

	/* If fs is null, clean up the static buffer and return */
	if (!fs) {
		if (buf) {
			free(buf);
			buf = 0;
		}
		return 0;
	}
	/* Allocate the zeroizing buffer if necessary */
	if (!buf) {
		buf = xzalloc(fs->blocksize * STRIDE_LENGTH);
	}
	/* OK, do the write loop */
	next_update = 0;
	next_update_incr = num / 100;
	if (next_update_incr < 1)
		next_update_incr = 1;
	for (j=0; j < num; j += STRIDE_LENGTH, blk += STRIDE_LENGTH) {
		count = num - j;
		if (count > STRIDE_LENGTH)
			count = STRIDE_LENGTH;
		retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io, blk, count, buf);
		if (retval) {
			if (ret_count)
				*ret_count = count;
			if (ret_blk)
				*ret_blk = blk;
			return retval;
		}
		if (progress && j > next_update) {
			next_update += num / 100;
			progress_update(progress, blk);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

static void write_inode_tables(ext2_filsys fs)
{
	errcode_t	retval;
	blk_t		blk;
	dgrp_t		i;
	int		num;
	struct progress_struct progress;

	if (quiet)
		memset(&progress, 0, sizeof(progress));
	else
		progress_init(&progress, "Writing inode tables: ",
			      fs->group_desc_count);

	for (i = 0; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
		progress_update(&progress, i);

		blk = fs->group_desc[i].bg_inode_table;
		num = fs->inode_blocks_per_group;

		retval = zero_blocks(fs, blk, num, 0, &blk, &num);
		mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval,
			"write %d blocks in inode table starting at %d.",
			num, blk);
		if (sync_kludge) {
			if (sync_kludge == 1)
				sync();
			else if ((i % sync_kludge) == 0)
				sync();
		}
	}
	zero_blocks(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
	progress_close(&progress);
}

static void create_root_dir(ext2_filsys fs)
{
	errcode_t		retval;
	struct ext2_inode	inode;

	retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "create root dir");
	if (geteuid()) {
		retval = ext2fs_read_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode);
		mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "read root inode");
		inode.i_uid = getuid();
		if (inode.i_uid)
			inode.i_gid = getgid();
		retval = ext2fs_write_new_inode(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, &inode);
		mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "set root inode ownership");
	}
}

static void create_lost_and_found(ext2_filsys fs)
{
	errcode_t		retval;
	ext2_ino_t		ino;
	const char		*name = "lost+found";
	int			i = 1;
	char			*msg = "create";
	int			lpf_size = 0;

	fs->umask = 077;
	retval = ext2fs_mkdir(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, 0, name);
	if (retval) {
		goto CREATE_LOST_AND_FOUND_ERROR;
	}

	retval = ext2fs_lookup(fs, EXT2_ROOT_INO, name, strlen(name), 0, &ino);
	if (retval) {
		msg = "lookup";
		goto CREATE_LOST_AND_FOUND_ERROR;
	}

	for (; i < EXT2_NDIR_BLOCKS; i++) {
		if ((lpf_size += fs->blocksize) >= 16*1024)
			break;
		retval = ext2fs_expand_dir(fs, ino);
		msg = "expand";
CREATE_LOST_AND_FOUND_ERROR:
		mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "%s %s", msg, name);
	}
}

static void create_bad_block_inode(ext2_filsys fs, badblocks_list bb_list)
{
	errcode_t	retval;

	ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap(fs->inode_map, EXT2_BAD_INO);
	fs->group_desc[0].bg_free_inodes_count--;
	fs->super->s_free_inodes_count--;
	retval = ext2fs_update_bb_inode(fs, bb_list);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "set bad block inode");
}

static void reserve_inodes(ext2_filsys fs)
{
	ext2_ino_t	i;
	int		group;

	for (i = EXT2_ROOT_INO + 1; i < EXT2_FIRST_INODE(fs->super); i++) {
		ext2fs_mark_inode_bitmap(fs->inode_map, i);
		group = ext2fs_group_of_ino(fs, i);
		fs->group_desc[group].bg_free_inodes_count--;
		fs->super->s_free_inodes_count--;
	}
	ext2fs_mark_ib_dirty(fs);
}

#define BSD_DISKMAGIC   (0x82564557UL)  /* The disk magic number */
#define BSD_MAGICDISK   (0x57455682UL)  /* The disk magic number reversed */
#define BSD_LABEL_OFFSET        64

static void zap_sector(ext2_filsys fs, int sect, int nsect)
{
	char *buf;
	char *fmt = "could not %s %d";
	int retval;
	unsigned int *magic;

	buf = xmalloc(512*nsect);

	if (sect == 0) {
		/* Check for a BSD disklabel, and don't erase it if so */
		retval = io_channel_read_blk(fs->io, 0, -512, buf);
		if (retval)
			mke2fs_warning_msg(retval, fmt, "read block", 0);
		else {
			magic = (unsigned int *) (buf + BSD_LABEL_OFFSET);
			if ((*magic == BSD_DISKMAGIC) ||
			    (*magic == BSD_MAGICDISK))
				return;
		}
	}

	memset(buf, 0, 512*nsect);
	io_channel_set_blksize(fs->io, 512);
	retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io, sect, -512*nsect, buf);
	io_channel_set_blksize(fs->io, fs->blocksize);
	free(buf);
	mke2fs_warning_msg(retval, fmt, "erase sector", sect);
}

static void create_journal_dev(ext2_filsys fs)
{
	struct progress_struct	progress;
	errcode_t		retval;
	char			*buf;
	char			*fmt = "%s journal superblock";
	blk_t			blk;
	int			count;

	retval = ext2fs_create_journal_superblock(fs,
				  fs->super->s_blocks_count, 0, &buf);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, fmt, "init");
	if (quiet)
		memset(&progress, 0, sizeof(progress));
	else
		progress_init(&progress, "Zeroing journal device: ",
			      fs->super->s_blocks_count);

	retval = zero_blocks(fs, 0, fs->super->s_blocks_count,
			     &progress, &blk, &count);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "zero journal device (block %u, count %d)",
			blk, count);
	zero_blocks(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);

	retval = io_channel_write_blk(fs->io,
				      fs->super->s_first_data_block+1,
				      1, buf);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, fmt, "write");
	progress_close(&progress);
}

static void show_stats(ext2_filsys fs)
{
	struct ext2_super_block *s = fs->super;
	char			*os;
	blk_t			group_block;
	dgrp_t			i;
	int			need, col_left;

	mke2fs_warning_msg((param.s_blocks_count != s->s_blocks_count),
		"%d blocks unused\n", param.s_blocks_count - s->s_blocks_count);
	os = e2p_os2string(fs->super->s_creator_os);
	printf(	"Filesystem label=%.*s\n"
			"OS type: %s\n"
			"Block size=%u (log=%u)\n"
			"Fragment size=%u (log=%u)\n"
			"%u inodes, %u blocks\n"
			"%u blocks (%2.2f%%) reserved for the super user\n"
			"First data block=%u\n",
			(int) sizeof(s->s_volume_name),
			s->s_volume_name,
			os,
			fs->blocksize, s->s_log_block_size,
			fs->fragsize, s->s_log_frag_size,
			s->s_inodes_count, s->s_blocks_count,
			s->s_r_blocks_count, 100.0 * s->s_r_blocks_count / s->s_blocks_count,
			s->s_first_data_block);
	free(os);
	if (s->s_reserved_gdt_blocks) {
		printf("Maximum filesystem blocks=%lu\n",
		       (s->s_reserved_gdt_blocks + fs->desc_blocks) *
		       (fs->blocksize / sizeof(struct ext2_group_desc)) *
		       s->s_blocks_per_group);
	}
	printf(	"%u block group%s\n"
			"%u blocks per group, %u fragments per group\n"
			"%u inodes per group\n",
			fs->group_desc_count, (fs->group_desc_count > 1) ? "s" : "",
			s->s_blocks_per_group, s->s_frags_per_group,
			s->s_inodes_per_group);
	if (fs->group_desc_count == 1) {
		bb_putchar('\n');
		return;
	}

	printf("Superblock backups stored on blocks: ");
	group_block = s->s_first_data_block;
	col_left = 0;
	for (i = 1; i < fs->group_desc_count; i++) {
		group_block += s->s_blocks_per_group;
		if (!ext2fs_bg_has_super(fs, i))
			continue;
		if (i != 1)
			printf(", ");
		need = int_log10(group_block) + 2;
		if (need > col_left) {
			printf("\n\t");
			col_left = 72;
		}
		col_left -= need;
		printf("%u", group_block);
	}
	puts("\n");
}

/*
 * Set the S_CREATOR_OS field.  Return true if OS is known,
 * otherwise, 0.
 */
static int set_os(struct ext2_super_block *sb, char *os)
{
	if (isdigit (*os)) {
		sb->s_creator_os = atoi(os);
		return 1;
	}

	if((sb->s_creator_os = e2p_string2os(os)) >= 0) {
		return 1;
	} else if (!strcasecmp("GNU", os)) {
		sb->s_creator_os = EXT2_OS_HURD;
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void parse_extended_opts(struct ext2_super_block *sb_param,
				const char *opts)
{
	char	*buf, *token, *next, *p, *arg;
	int	r_usage = 0;

	buf = xstrdup(opts);
	for (token = buf; token && *token; token = next) {
		p = strchr(token, ',');
		next = 0;
		if (p) {
			*p = 0;
			next = p+1;
		}
		arg = strchr(token, '=');
		if (arg) {
			*arg = 0;
			arg++;
		}
		if (strcmp(token, "stride") == 0) {
			if (!arg) {
				r_usage++;
				continue;
			}
			fs_stride = strtoul(arg, &p, 0);
			if (*p || (fs_stride == 0)) {
				bb_error_msg("Invalid stride parameter: %s", arg);
				r_usage++;
				continue;
			}
		} else if (!strcmp(token, "resize")) {
			unsigned long resize, bpg, rsv_groups;
			unsigned long group_desc_count, desc_blocks;
			unsigned int gdpb, blocksize;
			int rsv_gdb;

			if (!arg) {
				r_usage++;
				continue;
			}

			resize = parse_num_blocks(arg,
						  sb_param->s_log_block_size);

			if (resize == 0) {
				bb_error_msg("Invalid resize parameter: %s", arg);
				r_usage++;
				continue;
			}
			if (resize <= sb_param->s_blocks_count) {
				bb_error_msg("The resize maximum must be greater "
						"than the filesystem size");
				r_usage++;
				continue;
			}

			blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(sb_param);
			bpg = sb_param->s_blocks_per_group;
			if (!bpg)
				bpg = blocksize * 8;
			gdpb = blocksize / sizeof(struct ext2_group_desc);
			group_desc_count = (sb_param->s_blocks_count +
					    bpg - 1) / bpg;
			desc_blocks = (group_desc_count +
				       gdpb - 1) / gdpb;
			rsv_groups = (resize + bpg - 1) / bpg;
			rsv_gdb = (rsv_groups + gdpb - 1) / gdpb -
				desc_blocks;
			if (rsv_gdb > EXT2_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(sb_param))
				rsv_gdb = EXT2_ADDR_PER_BLOCK(sb_param);

			if (rsv_gdb > 0) {
				sb_param->s_feature_compat |=
					EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE;

				sb_param->s_reserved_gdt_blocks = rsv_gdb;
			}
		} else
			r_usage++;
	}
	if (r_usage) {
		bb_error_msg_and_die(
			"\nBad options specified.\n\n"
			"Extended options are separated by commas, "
			"and may take an argument which\n"
			"\tis set off by an equals ('=') sign.\n\n"
			"Valid extended options are:\n"
			"\tstride=<stride length in blocks>\n"
			"\tresize=<resize maximum size in blocks>\n");
	}
}

static __u32 ok_features[3] = {
	EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL |
		EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE |
		EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_DIR_INDEX,  /* Compat */
	EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FILETYPE|         /* Incompat */
		EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV|
		EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG,
	EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER     /* R/O compat */
};

static int PRS(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int		c;
	int		size;
	char *		tmp;
	int		blocksize = 0;
	int		inode_ratio = 0;
	int		inode_size = 0;
	int		reserved_ratio = 5;
	int		sector_size = 0;
	int		show_version_only = 0;
	ext2_ino_t	num_inodes = 0;
	errcode_t	retval;
	char *		extended_opts = 0;
	const char *	fs_type = 0;
	blk_t		dev_size;
	long		sysval;

	/* Update our PATH to include /sbin  */
	e2fs_set_sbin_path();

	tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_SYNC");
	if (tmp)
		sync_kludge = atoi(tmp);

	/* Determine the system page size if possible */
#if (!defined(_SC_PAGESIZE) && defined(_SC_PAGE_SIZE))
#define _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_PAGE_SIZE
#endif
#ifdef _SC_PAGESIZE
	sysval = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
	if (sysval > 0)
		sys_page_size = sysval;
#endif /* _SC_PAGESIZE */

	setbuf(stdout, NULL);
	setbuf(stderr, NULL);
	memset(&param, 0, sizeof(struct ext2_super_block));
	param.s_rev_level = 1;  /* Create revision 1 filesystems now */
	param.s_feature_incompat |= EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FILETYPE;
	param.s_feature_ro_compat |= EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER;

#ifdef __linux__
	linux_version_code = get_linux_version_code();
	if (linux_version_code && linux_version_code < KERNEL_VERSION(2,2,0)) {
		param.s_rev_level = 0;
		param.s_feature_incompat = 0;
		param.s_feature_compat = 0;
		param.s_feature_ro_compat = 0;
	}
#endif

	/* If called as mkfs.ext3, create a journal inode */
	if (last_char_is(applet_name, '3'))
		journal_size = -1;

	while ((c = getopt (argc, argv,
		    "b:cE:f:g:i:jl:m:no:qr:R:s:tvI:J:ST:FL:M:N:O:V")) != EOF) {
		switch (c) {
		case 'b':
			blocksize = xatou_range(optarg, EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE, EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
			mke2fs_warning_msg((blocksize > 4096),
				"blocksize %d not usable on most systems",
				blocksize);
			param.s_log_block_size =
				int_log2(blocksize >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
			break;
		case 'c':	/* Check for bad blocks */
		case 't':	/* deprecated */
			cflag++;
			break;
		case 'f':
			size = xatou_range(optarg, EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE, EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE);
			param.s_log_frag_size =
				int_log2(size >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
			mke2fs_warning_msg(1, "fragments not supported. Ignoring -f option");
			break;
		case 'g':
			param.s_blocks_per_group = xatou32(optarg);
			if ((param.s_blocks_per_group % 8) != 0) {
				bb_error_msg_and_die("blocks per group must be multiple of 8");
			}
			break;
		case 'i':
			/* Huh? is "* 1024" correct? */
			inode_ratio = xatou_range(optarg, EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE, EXT2_MAX_BLOCK_SIZE * 1024);
			break;
		case 'J':
			parse_journal_opts(&journal_device, &journal_flags, &journal_size, optarg);
			break;
		case 'j':
			param.s_feature_compat |=
				EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL;
			if (!journal_size)
				journal_size = -1;
			break;
		case 'l':
			bad_blocks_filename = optarg;
			break;
		case 'm':
			reserved_ratio = xatou_range(optarg, 0, 50);
			break;
		case 'n':
			noaction++;
			break;
		case 'o':
			creator_os = optarg;
			break;
		case 'r':
			param.s_rev_level = xatoi_u(optarg);
			if (param.s_rev_level == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV) {
				param.s_feature_incompat = 0;
				param.s_feature_compat = 0;
				param.s_feature_ro_compat = 0;
			}
			break;
		case 's':	/* deprecated */
			if (xatou(optarg))
				param.s_feature_ro_compat |=
					EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER;
			else
				param.s_feature_ro_compat &=
					~EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER;
			break;
#ifdef EXT2_DYNAMIC_REV
		case 'I':
			inode_size = xatoi_u(optarg);
			break;
#endif
		case 'N':
			num_inodes = xatoi_u(optarg);
			break;
		case 'v':
			quiet = 0;
			break;
		case 'q':
			quiet = 1;
			break;
		case 'F':
			force = 1;
			break;
		case 'L':
			volume_label = optarg;
			break;
		case 'M':
			mount_dir = optarg;
			break;
		case 'O':
			if (!strcmp(optarg, "none")) {
				param.s_feature_compat = 0;
				param.s_feature_incompat = 0;
				param.s_feature_ro_compat = 0;
				break;
			}
			if (e2p_edit_feature(optarg,
					    &param.s_feature_compat,
					    ok_features)) {
				bb_error_msg_and_die("Invalid filesystem option set: %s", optarg);
			}
			break;
		case 'E':
		case 'R':
			extended_opts = optarg;
			break;
		case 'S':
			super_only = 1;
			break;
		case 'T':
			fs_type = optarg;
			break;
		case 'V':
			/* Print version number and exit */
			show_version_only = 1;
			quiet = 0;
			break;
		default:
			bb_show_usage();
		}
	}
	if ((optind == argc) /*&& !show_version_only*/)
		bb_show_usage();
	device_name = argv[optind++];

	mke2fs_verbose("mke2fs %s (%s)\n", E2FSPROGS_VERSION, E2FSPROGS_DATE);

	if (show_version_only) {
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * If there's no blocksize specified and there is a journal
	 * device, use it to figure out the blocksize
	 */
	if (blocksize <= 0 && journal_device) {
		ext2_filsys     jfs;
		io_manager      io_ptr;

#ifdef CONFIG_TESTIO_DEBUG
		io_ptr = test_io_manager;
		test_io_backing_manager = unix_io_manager;
#else
		io_ptr = unix_io_manager;
#endif
		retval = ext2fs_open(journal_device,
				     EXT2_FLAG_JOURNAL_DEV_OK, 0,
				     0, io_ptr, &jfs);
		mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "open journal device %s", journal_device);
		if ((blocksize < 0) && (jfs->blocksize < (unsigned) (-blocksize))) {
			bb_error_msg_and_die(
				"Journal dev blocksize (%d) smaller than "
				"minimum blocksize %d\n", jfs->blocksize,
				-blocksize);
		}
		blocksize = jfs->blocksize;
		param.s_log_block_size =
			int_log2(blocksize >> EXT2_MIN_BLOCK_LOG_SIZE);
		ext2fs_close(jfs);
	}

	if (blocksize > sys_page_size) {
		mke2fs_warning_msg(1, "%d-byte blocks too big for system (max %d)",
			blocksize, sys_page_size);
		if (!force) {
			proceed_question();
		}
		bb_error_msg("Forced to continue");
	}
	mke2fs_warning_msg(((blocksize > 4096) &&
		(param.s_feature_compat & EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL)),
		"some 2.4 kernels do not support "
		"blocksizes greater than 4096 using ext3.\n"
		"Use -b 4096 if this is an issue for you\n");

	if (optind < argc) {
		param.s_blocks_count = parse_num_blocks(argv[optind++],
				param.s_log_block_size);
		mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(!param.s_blocks_count, "invalid blocks count - %s", argv[optind - 1]);
	}
	if (optind < argc)
		bb_show_usage();

	if (param.s_feature_incompat & EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV) {
		if (!fs_type)
			fs_type = "journal";
		reserved_ratio = 0;
		param.s_feature_incompat = EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV;
		param.s_feature_compat = 0;
		param.s_feature_ro_compat = 0;
	}
	if (param.s_rev_level == EXT2_GOOD_OLD_REV &&
	    (param.s_feature_compat || param.s_feature_ro_compat ||
	     param.s_feature_incompat))
		param.s_rev_level = 1;	/* Create a revision 1 filesystem */

	check_plausibility(device_name , force);
	check_mount(device_name, force, "filesystem");

	param.s_log_frag_size = param.s_log_block_size;

	if (noaction && param.s_blocks_count) {
		dev_size = param.s_blocks_count;
		retval = 0;
	} else {
	retry:
		retval = ext2fs_get_device_size(device_name,
						EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&param),
						&dev_size);
		if ((retval == EFBIG) &&
		    (blocksize == 0) &&
		    (param.s_log_block_size == 0)) {
			param.s_log_block_size = 2;
			blocksize = 4096;
			goto retry;
		}
	}

	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die((retval && (retval != EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED)),"determine filesystem size");

	if (!param.s_blocks_count) {
		if (retval == EXT2_ET_UNIMPLEMENTED) {
			mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(1,
				"determine device size; you "
				"must specify\nthe size of the "
				"filesystem");
		} else {
			if (dev_size == 0) {
				bb_error_msg_and_die(
					"Device size reported to be zero.  "
					"Invalid partition specified, or\n\t"
					"partition table wasn't reread "
					"after running fdisk, due to\n\t"
					"a modified partition being busy "
					"and in use.  You may need to reboot\n\t"
					"to re-read your partition table.\n"
				);
			}
			param.s_blocks_count = dev_size;
			if (sys_page_size > EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&param))
				param.s_blocks_count &= ~((sys_page_size /
							   EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&param))-1);
		}

	} else if (!force && (param.s_blocks_count > dev_size)) {
		bb_error_msg("Filesystem larger than apparent device size");
		proceed_question();
	}

	/*
	 * If the user asked for HAS_JOURNAL, then make sure a journal
	 * gets created.
	 */
	if ((param.s_feature_compat & EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_HAS_JOURNAL) &&
	    !journal_size)
		journal_size = -1;

	/* Set first meta blockgroup via an environment variable */
	/* (this is mostly for debugging purposes) */
	if ((param.s_feature_incompat & EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_META_BG) &&
	    ((tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_FIRST_META_BG"))))
		param.s_first_meta_bg = atoi(tmp);

	/* Get the hardware sector size, if available */
	retval = ext2fs_get_device_sectsize(device_name, &sector_size);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "determine hardware sector size");

	if ((tmp = getenv("MKE2FS_DEVICE_SECTSIZE")) != NULL)
		sector_size = atoi(tmp);

	set_fs_defaults(fs_type, &param, blocksize, sector_size, &inode_ratio);
	blocksize = EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&param);

	if (extended_opts)
		parse_extended_opts(&param, extended_opts);

	/* Since sparse_super is the default, we would only have a problem
	 * here if it was explicitly disabled.
	 */
	if ((param.s_feature_compat & EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE) &&
	    !(param.s_feature_ro_compat&EXT2_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SPARSE_SUPER)) {
		bb_error_msg_and_die("reserved online resize blocks not supported "
			  "on non-sparse filesystem");
	}

	if (param.s_blocks_per_group) {
		if (param.s_blocks_per_group < 256 ||
		    param.s_blocks_per_group > 8 * (unsigned) blocksize) {
			bb_error_msg_and_die("blocks per group count out of range");
		}
	}

	if (!force && param.s_blocks_count >= (1 << 31)) {
		bb_error_msg_and_die("Filesystem too large.  No more than 2**31-1 blocks\n"
			"\t (8TB using a blocksize of 4k) are currently supported.");
	}

	if (inode_size) {
		if (inode_size < EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE ||
		    inode_size > EXT2_BLOCK_SIZE(&param) ||
		    inode_size & (inode_size - 1)) {
			bb_error_msg_and_die("invalid inode size %d (min %d/max %d)",
				inode_size, EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE,
				blocksize);
		}
		mke2fs_warning_msg((inode_size != EXT2_GOOD_OLD_INODE_SIZE),
			"%d-byte inodes not usable on most systems",
			inode_size);
		param.s_inode_size = inode_size;
	}

	/*
	 * Calculate number of inodes based on the inode ratio
	 */
	param.s_inodes_count = num_inodes ? num_inodes :
		((__u64) param.s_blocks_count * blocksize)
			/ inode_ratio;

	/*
	 * Calculate number of blocks to reserve
	 */
	param.s_r_blocks_count = (param.s_blocks_count * reserved_ratio) / 100;
	return 1;
}

static void mke2fs_clean_up(void)
{
	if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP && journal_device) free(journal_device);
}

int mke2fs_main (int argc, char **argv);
int mke2fs_main (int argc, char **argv)
{
	errcode_t	retval;
	ext2_filsys	fs;
	badblocks_list	bb_list = 0;
	unsigned int	i;
	int		val;
	io_manager	io_ptr;

	if (ENABLE_FEATURE_CLEAN_UP)
		atexit(mke2fs_clean_up);
	if(!PRS(argc, argv))
		return 0;

#ifdef CONFIG_TESTIO_DEBUG
	io_ptr = test_io_manager;
	test_io_backing_manager = unix_io_manager;
#else
	io_ptr = unix_io_manager;
#endif

	/*
	 * Initialize the superblock....
	 */
	retval = ext2fs_initialize(device_name, 0, &param,
				   io_ptr, &fs);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "set up superblock");

	/*
	 * Wipe out the old on-disk superblock
	 */
	if (!noaction)
		zap_sector(fs, 2, 6);

	/*
	 * Generate a UUID for it...
	 */
	uuid_generate(fs->super->s_uuid);

	/*
	 * Initialize the directory index variables
	 */
	fs->super->s_def_hash_version = EXT2_HASH_TEA;
	uuid_generate((unsigned char *) fs->super->s_hash_seed);

	/*
	 * Add "jitter" to the superblock's check interval so that we
	 * don't check all the filesystems at the same time.  We use a
	 * kludgy hack of using the UUID to derive a random jitter value.
	 */
	for (i = 0, val = 0; i < sizeof(fs->super->s_uuid); i++)
		val += fs->super->s_uuid[i];
	fs->super->s_max_mnt_count += val % EXT2_DFL_MAX_MNT_COUNT;

	/*
	 * Override the creator OS, if applicable
	 */
	if (creator_os && !set_os(fs->super, creator_os)) {
		bb_error_msg_and_die("unknown os - %s", creator_os);
	}

	/*
	 * For the Hurd, we will turn off filetype since it doesn't
	 * support it.
	 */
	if (fs->super->s_creator_os == EXT2_OS_HURD)
		fs->super->s_feature_incompat &=
			~EXT2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_FILETYPE;

	/*
	 * Set the volume label...
	 */
	if (volume_label) {
		snprintf(fs->super->s_volume_name, sizeof(fs->super->s_volume_name), "%s", volume_label);
	}

	/*
	 * Set the last mount directory
	 */
	if (mount_dir) {
		snprintf(fs->super->s_last_mounted, sizeof(fs->super->s_last_mounted), "%s", mount_dir);
	}

	if (!quiet || noaction)
		show_stats(fs);

	if (noaction)
		return 0;

	if (fs->super->s_feature_incompat &
	    EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_JOURNAL_DEV) {
		create_journal_dev(fs);
		return (ext2fs_close(fs) ? 1 : 0);
	}

	if (bad_blocks_filename)
		read_bb_file(fs, &bb_list, bad_blocks_filename);
	if (cflag)
		test_disk(fs, &bb_list);

	handle_bad_blocks(fs, bb_list);
	fs->stride = fs_stride;
	retval = ext2fs_allocate_tables(fs);
	mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "allocate filesystem tables");
	if (super_only) {
		fs->super->s_state |= EXT2_ERROR_FS;
		fs->flags &= ~(EXT2_FLAG_IB_DIRTY|EXT2_FLAG_BB_DIRTY);
	} else {
		/* rsv must be a power of two (64kB is MD RAID sb alignment) */
		unsigned int rsv = 65536 / fs->blocksize;
		unsigned long blocks = fs->super->s_blocks_count;
		unsigned long start;
		blk_t ret_blk;

#ifdef ZAP_BOOTBLOCK
		zap_sector(fs, 0, 2);
#endif

		/*
		 * Wipe out any old MD RAID (or other) metadata at the end
		 * of the device.  This will also verify that the device is
		 * as large as we think.  Be careful with very small devices.
		 */
		start = (blocks & ~(rsv - 1));
		if (start > rsv)
			start -= rsv;
		if (start > 0)
			retval = zero_blocks(fs, start, blocks - start,
					     NULL, &ret_blk, NULL);

		mke2fs_warning_msg(retval, "cannot zero block %u at end of filesystem", ret_blk);
		write_inode_tables(fs);
		create_root_dir(fs);
		create_lost_and_found(fs);
		reserve_inodes(fs);
		create_bad_block_inode(fs, bb_list);
		if (fs->super->s_feature_compat &
		    EXT2_FEATURE_COMPAT_RESIZE_INODE) {
			retval = ext2fs_create_resize_inode(fs);
			mke2fs_error_msg_and_die(retval, "reserve blocks for online resize");
		}
	}

	if (journal_device) {
		make_journal_device(journal_device, fs, quiet, force);
	} else if (journal_size) {
		make_journal_blocks(fs, journal_size, journal_flags, quiet);
	}

	mke2fs_verbose("Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: ");
	retval = ext2fs_flush(fs);
	mke2fs_warning_msg(retval, "had trouble writing out superblocks");
	mke2fs_verbose_done();
	if (!quiet && !getenv("MKE2FS_SKIP_CHECK_MSG"))
		print_check_message(fs);
	val = ext2fs_close(fs);
	return (retval || val) ? 1 : 0;
}